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| About site: http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele069.html |
Title: Chemistry/Elements/Thulium - It's Elemental: Thulium Basic physical and historical information.
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It's Elemental - The Element ThuliumPrivacy and Security Notice    Science Education          Previous ElementTable of ElementsNext Element  69TmThulium168.93421ThuliumAtomic Number:69Atomic Weight:168.93421Melting Point:1818 K (1545°C or 2813°F)Boiling Point:2223 K (1950°C or 3542°F)Density:9.32 grams per cubic centimeterPhase at Room Temperature:SolidElement Classification:MetalPeriod Number:6Group Number:noneGroup Name:LanthanideWhat's in a name?From the earliest name for Scandinavia, Thule.Say what?Thulium is pronounced as THOO-li-em.History and Uses:Thulium was discovered by Per Theodor Cleve, a Swedish chemist, in 1879. Cleve used the same method Carl Gustaf Mosander used to discover lanthanum, erbium and terbium, he looked for impurities in the oxides of other rare earth elements. He started with erbia, the oxide of erbium (Er2O3), and removed all of the known contaminants. After further processing, he obtained two new materials, one brown and the other green. Cleve named the brown material holmia and the green material thulia. Holmia is the oxide of the element holmium and thulia is the oxide of the element thulium. Today, thulium is primarily obtained through an ion exchange process from monazite sand ((Ce, La, Th, Nd, Y)PO4), a material rich in rare earth elements that can contain as much as 0.007% thulium.Thulium is the least abundant of the naturally occurring rare earth elements. Metallic thulium is relatively expensive and has only recently become available. It currently has no commercial applications, although one of its isotopes, thulium-169, could be used as a radiation source for portable X-ray machines.Thulium forms no commercially important compounds. Some of thulium's compounds include: thulium oxide (Tm2O3), thulium fluoride (TmF3) and thulium iodide (TmI3).Estimated Crustal Abundance:5.2×10-1 milligrams per kilogramEstimated Oceanic Abundance:1.7×10-7 milligrams per literNumber of Stable Isotopes:1(View all isotope data)Ionization Energy:6.184 eVOxidation State:+3Electron Shell Configuration:1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f135s25p66s2This page is maintained by Steve Gagnon.Citation and linking information |
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